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Chinese phonetics:
The phonetic unit of Chinese pronunciation is the syllable; one syllable corresponds to one Chinese character. A Chinese phonetic syllable is consisted of three parts: initials, finals and tones.
| Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm |
| Nn | Oo | Pp | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz |
Initial form:
| b | p | m | f | d | t | n | l | g | k | h | |||
| j | q | x | zh | ch | sh | r | z | c | s |
Finals form:
| a | o | e | i | u | ü | ai | ei | ao | ou | iao | iu |
| uai | ui | ia | ie | üe | ua | uo | an | en | ian | in | uan |
| un | üan | ün | ang | eng | iang | ing | uang | ueng | ong | iong |
Everyday phrases:
I – wǒ – 我
You — nǐ – 你
She – tā – 她
He – tā – 他
How are you? – nǐn hǎo – 您好
Good morning – zǎo shàng hǎo - 早上好
Good evening - wǎn shàng hǎo – 晚上好
Good night – wǎn ān – 晚安
Chinese dynasties:
2600 BCE to 2300 BCE ------ The Age of 5 Rulers
2300 BCE to 1600 BCE ------ Xia Dynasty
1600 BCE to 1066 BCE ------ Shang Dynasty
1066 BCE to 771 BCE ------ Zhou Dynasty
770 BCE to 221 BCE ------ Warring States
221 BCE to 206 BCE ------ Qin Dynasty
206 BCE to 220 BCE ------ Han Dynasty
265 CE to 439 CE ------ Six Dynasties
420 CE to 581 CE ------ Northern & Southern
581 CE to 906 CE ------ Tang Dynasty
907 CE to 960 CE ------ Five Dynasties
960 CE to 1279 CE ------ Song Dynasty
1206 CE to 1333 CE ------ Yuan Dynasty
1368 CE to 1644 CE ------ Ming Dynasty
1644 CE to 1911 CE ------ Ching Dynasty
1911 CE to 1949 CE ------ Republican Era
1949 CE to ____ CE ------ Chinese Republic